Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 81: _____ is a bacteria associated with peptic ulcers of the duodenum and stomach

Answer: Helicobacter pylori

Flashcard 82: A distinguishing serologic feature of chronic hepatitis _____ is the presence in the circulation of antibodies to liver-kidney microsome (anti-LKM3).

Answer: D

Flashcard 83: _____ hepatitis is characterized by elevated liver enzymes with ALT < AST

Answer: Alcoholic

Flashcard 84: _____ pigment gallstones (color) are radio-lucent and arise with biliary tract infection

Answer: Brown

Flashcard 85: What are the components of MELD score?_____

Answer: Creatinine, Bilirubin, International normalized ratio (INR), Serum Sodium (mEq/L) (4)

Flashcard 86: Urea level at admission of >_____ mg/dL is a predictor of severity in acute pancreatitis

Answer: 60

Flashcard 87: The _____ gradient reflects the pressure within the hepatic sinusoids.

Answer: Serum-Ascites Albumin (SAAG)

Flashcard 88: What type of autoimmune hepatitis is associated with HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4?

Answer: Type 1

Extra: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is typically classified into two types: - **Type 1 AIH**: Most common form. Associated with **ANA** and/or **anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA)**. Genetic associations include **HLA-DR3**, **HLA-DR4**, and the **HLA-B8-DR3** haplotype. - **Type 2 AIH**: More common in children. Associated with **anti-LKM1** (liver-kidney microsome type 1) and/or **anti-LC1** (liver cytosol type 1) antibodies. Genetic associations include **HLA-DR7** and **HLA-DQ2**. *Note: HLA-B14 is more famously associated with Non-classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.*

Flashcard 89: According to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score, uncontrolled encephalopathy is given _____ point(s)

Answer: 3

Flashcard 90: _____ syndrome is  associated with increased risk of colon polyps but is not hereditary

Answer: Cronkhite-Canada