Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 81: _____ is characterized by disordered esophageal motility due to inability to relax the lower esophageal sphincter

Answer: Achalasia

Flashcard 82: Mallory-Weiss syndrome is usually seen in _____ and bulimics

Answer: alcoholics

Flashcard 83: In acute pancreatitis, pleural effusion is more common on the _____ side than the right

Answer: left

Flashcard 84: _____ is a bacterial infection of the bile ducts

Answer: Ascending cholangitis

Flashcard 85: _____ syndrome is  associated with increased risk of colon polyps but is not hereditary

Answer: Cronkhite-Canada

Flashcard 86: What are the components of MELD score?_____

Answer: Creatinine, Bilirubin, International normalized ratio (INR), Serum Sodium (mEq/L) (4)

Flashcard 87: What type of autoimmune hepatitis is associated with HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4?

Answer: Type 1

Extra: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is typically classified into two types: - **Type 1 AIH**: Most common form. Associated with **ANA** and/or **anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA)**. Genetic associations include **HLA-DR3**, **HLA-DR4**, and the **HLA-B8-DR3** haplotype. - **Type 2 AIH**: More common in children. Associated with **anti-LKM1** (liver-kidney microsome type 1) and/or **anti-LC1** (liver cytosol type 1) antibodies. Genetic associations include **HLA-DR7** and **HLA-DQ2**. *Note: HLA-B14 is more famously associated with Non-classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.*

Flashcard 88: According to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score, uncontrolled encephalopathy is given _____ point(s)

Answer: 3

Flashcard 89: The _____ gradient reflects the pressure within the hepatic sinusoids.

Answer: Serum-Ascites Albumin (SAAG)

Flashcard 90: Urea level at admission of >_____ mg/dL is a predictor of severity in acute pancreatitis

Answer: 60