Air Pollution and Respiratory Health — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ lung disease may be caused by poor structural apparatus, such as scoliosis and morbid obesity

Answer: Restrictive

Flashcard 2: Day symptoms lasting _____/week and night symptoms lasting >1 nights/week with an FEV1 of  60-80% is classified as moderate persistent asthma according to severity

Answer: daily

Flashcard 3: A reduction of airflow by at least 30% for 10 seconds or more is termed _____

Answer: hypopnea

Flashcard 4: What is the target SpO2 for a COPD patient receiving oxygen therapy (e.g., via Venturi mask)?

Answer: 88–92%

Extra: Targeting 88–92% SpO2 in COPD patients prevents oxygen-induced hypercapnia (due to loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, the Haldane effect, and decreased respiratory drive).

Flashcard 5: In patients with neuromuscular disease (e.g., GBS, Myasthenia Gravis), what Vital Capacity (VC) threshold is typically used as an indication for mechanical ventilation?

Answer: < 10–15 mL/kg

Extra: Normal Vital Capacity is approximately 60–70 mL/kg. Indications for mechanical ventilation in neuromuscular respiratory failure (e.g., GBS, Myasthenia Gravis) include: - Vital Capacity (VC) < 15 mL/kg - Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) < -30 cm H2O - Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP) < 40 cm H2O

Flashcard 6: What is the most common **bacterial** cause of acute exacerbation of COPD?

Answer: H. influenzae

Extra: Viral infections (most commonly **Rhinovirus**) are the most common cause of acute exacerbation of COPD overall. Among bacterial causes: 1. **Haemophilus influenzae** (most common) 2. Streptococcus pneumoniae 3. Moraxella catarrhalis

Flashcard 7: Lead poisoning presents in adults with environmental exposure (batteries, ammunition) with headache and memory loss due to _____, as well as abdominal colic (pain)

Answer: demyelination

Flashcard 8: Secondary pulmonary hypertension due to Lung Disease may arise due to _____ of lung parenchyma (e.g. COPD / Interstitial lung disease) or hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (e.g. obstructive sleep apnea, high altitude)

Answer: damage / inflammation