Transcription: RNA Synthesis — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The miRNA gene present in the nucleus is transcribed to _____ miRNA

Answer: primary

Flashcard 2: The _____ is the site where RNA polymerase II and general transcription factors bind to DNA upstream from a gene locus

Answer: promoter

Flashcard 3: RNA editing occurs in _____ direction

Answer: 3 to 5

Flashcard 4: RNA primer synthesis is carried out by DNA polymerase _____.

Answer: alpha (α)

Extra: In eukaryotes, DNA polymerase alpha (α) is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer. It has primase activity and initiates DNA replication by creating a short RNA-DNA primer before DNA polymerase delta (δ) or epsilon (ε) take over.

Flashcard 5: Active tetrahydrofolate is used in the synthesis of _____ and thymidine, which may then be used for DNA and RNA cell division

Answer: purines

Flashcard 6: Polyadenylation of mRNA protects against degradation by _____

Answer: 3' exonucleases

Flashcard 7: RNA polymerase _____ makes rRNA

Answer: I

Flashcard 8: Guanosine is converted to _____ via the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (purine salvage)

Answer: guanine

Flashcard 9: Hypoxanthine is converted to _____ via xanthine oxidase

Answer: xanthine

Flashcard 10: microRNA often leads to the _____ of target mRNA, thus causing decreased translation into protein

Answer: silencing/inactivation