Nucleotide Structure and Function — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: All 4 types of DNA are _____ handed except Z-DNA

Answer: right

Flashcard 2: UDP is converted to _____ via the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (pyrimidine synthesis)

Answer: dUDP

Flashcard 3: Leading strand synthesis is carried out by DNA polymerase _____.

Answer: DNA polymerase ε (epsilon)

Extra: In eukaryotes: - **DNA polymerase ε (epsilon)**: Leading strand synthesis. - **DNA polymerase δ (delta)**: Lagging strand synthesis. In prokaryotes (e.g., *E. coli*), **DNA polymerase III** is responsible for both leading and lagging strand synthesis.

Flashcard 4: Which RNA subtypes do not require capping at 5' end?_____

Answer: tRNA and rRNA

Flashcard 5: Which nitrogenous base contains an amino group on the 2nd C-atom?_____

Answer: Guanine

Flashcard 6: What products are formed by the catabolism of cytosine and uracil?

Answer: β-alanine, CO2, and NH3

Flashcard 7: Hypoxanthine is converted to _____ via xanthine oxidase

Answer: xanthine

Flashcard 8: microRNA often leads to the _____ of target mRNA, thus causing decreased translation into protein

Answer: silencing/inactivation

Flashcard 9: Guanosine is converted to _____ via the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (purine salvage)

Answer: guanine

Flashcard 10: Xanthine is converted to _____ by xanthine oxidase

Answer: uric acid