Sodium and Water Balance — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The major anions of _____ fluid are Cl- and HCO3- (bicarbonate)

Answer: extracellular

Flashcard 2: The major buffer of the **extracellular fluid** is _____, whereas phosphate is a major buffer of the **intracellular fluid** (and urine).

Answer: bicarbonate

Extra: The bicarbonate buffer system is the primary buffer of the ECF. The phosphate buffer system is a major buffer in the ICF and urine (renal tubules), but plays a minor role in the ECF due to its low concentration. Proteins (like hemoglobin and plasma albumin) also serve as significant buffers in both compartments.

Flashcard 3: _____ is a test that can be used to measure the status of the patient with DKA.

Answer: Serum anion gap

Flashcard 4: Lysis of cells may cause K+ to shift _____ cells, causing hyperkalemia

Answer: out of

Flashcard 5: _____ -kalemia inhibits NH3 synthesis

Answer: Hyper

Flashcard 6: The major anions of _____ fluid are proteins and organic phosphates

Answer: intracellular

Flashcard 7: If the "lost" HCO3- in metabolic acidosis is replaced by _____, the anion gap is increased

Answer: unmeasured ions

Flashcard 8: Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by decreased serum _____ and increased serum phosphate (hyperphosphatemia)

Answer: calcium (hypocalcemia)