Respiratory and Metabolic Alkalosis — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by decreased serum _____ and increased serum phosphate (hyperphosphatemia)

Answer: calcium (hypocalcemia)

Flashcard 2: _____ is the most abundant extracellular anion.

Answer: Chloride

Flashcard 3: _____-kalemia stimulates NH3 synthesis

Answer: Hypo

Flashcard 4: The buffer in BSS Plus is _____, which is an improvement over the sodium acetate and citrate buffers in BSS.

Answer: bicarbonate

Flashcard 5: _____ in serum Mg2+ concentration cause decreased PTH secretion

Answer: Severe decreases

Flashcard 6: Lysis of cells may cause K+ to shift _____ cells, causing hyperkalemia

Answer: out of

Flashcard 7: The major anions of _____ fluid are proteins and organic phosphates

Answer: intracellular

Flashcard 8: If the "lost" HCO3- in metabolic acidosis is replaced by _____, the anion gap is increased

Answer: unmeasured ions

Flashcard 9: The major buffer of the **extracellular fluid** is _____, whereas phosphate is a major buffer of the **intracellular fluid** (and urine).

Answer: bicarbonate

Extra: The bicarbonate buffer system is the primary buffer of the ECF. The phosphate buffer system is a major buffer in the ICF and urine (renal tubules), but plays a minor role in the ECF due to its low concentration. Proteins (like hemoglobin and plasma albumin) also serve as significant buffers in both compartments.