Respiratory Physiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: On capnography, a progressive increase in the EtCO2 plateau height (while maintaining a normal waveform shape) represents: _____

Answer: Hypoventilation

Extra: Hypoventilation results in CO2 retention, which manifests on capnography as a progressive increase in the height of the EtCO2 plateau. Conversely, hyperventilation leads to a decrease in EtCO2 levels.

Flashcard 2: In the Berlin definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), what is the PaO2/FiO2 ratio threshold for diagnosis?

Answer: ≤ 300 mmHg (with PEEP or CPAP ≥ 5 cmH2O)

Extra: ARDS Severity Categories (Berlin Definition): • Mild: 200 < P/F ratio ≤ 300 • Moderate: 100 < P/F ratio ≤ 200 • Severe: P/F ratio ≤ 100

Flashcard 3: Initial ventilatory settings are started as PEEP of _____ cm of H2O and titrated slowly to 10 cm H2O

Answer: 5

Flashcard 4: In mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, the percentage of oxygen delivered is _____%.

Answer: 16

Flashcard 5: Which condition is characterized by a 'shark-fin' appearance on a capnography waveform?

Answer: Bronchospasm (e.g., Asthma, COPD)

Flashcard 6: _____ delivers oxygen at 40-60 L/min and increases PEEP

Answer: High-flow nasal cannula

Flashcard 7: _____ delivers oxygen at 40-60 L/min and increases PEEP

Answer: High-flow nasal cannula

Flashcard 8: The following capnography waveform represents: _____

Answer: spontaneous breathing

Flashcard 9: The following capnography waveform represents: _____

Answer: single lung transplant

Flashcard 10: The following capnography waveform represents: _____

Answer: IMV in midst of spontaneous breathing