Lung Ultrasound — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Laryngeal mask airway and other supraglottic airway devices are part of advanced airway management, which comes under _____ guidelines

Answer: ACLS

Flashcard 2: On capnography, a progressive increase in the EtCO2 plateau height (while maintaining a normal waveform shape) represents: _____

Answer: Hypoventilation

Extra: Hypoventilation results in CO2 retention, which manifests on capnography as a progressive increase in the height of the EtCO2 plateau. Conversely, hyperventilation leads to a decrease in EtCO2 levels.

Flashcard 3: Which anesthetic equipment malfunction is characterized by a capnography waveform showing an **elevated baseline** and a **prolonged Phase III** (alveolar plateau)?

Answer: Expiratory valve malfunction

Extra: Incompetence of either the inspiratory or expiratory valve results in rebreathing of CO2, manifested as an **elevated baseline** (the CO2 level does not return to zero during inspiration). An **expiratory valve malfunction** specifically results in a prolonged Phase III (alveolar plateau) and an elevated baseline because exhaled gas is drawn back from the expiratory limb during inspiration.

Flashcard 4: _____ position is for direct laryngoscopy or bronchoscopy

Answer: Sniffing position (Barking dog position)

Flashcard 5: Which capnographic feature indicates spontaneous breathing efforts in a patient under mechanical ventilation?

Answer: Curare cleft (indicating spontaneous breathing efforts)

Flashcard 6: Management of flail chest with respiratory failure is _____

Answer: IPPV

Flashcard 7: Which condition is characterized by a 'shark-fin' appearance on a capnography waveform?

Answer: Bronchospasm (e.g., Asthma, COPD)