Diencephalon — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: In the visual pathway, the **third-order neurons** are located in the _____?

Answer: Lateral geniculate body (LGB)

Extra: Visual pathway neuron sequence: 1. **Bipolar cells** (1st order) 2. **Ganglion cells** (2nd order) — Axons form the optic nerve/tract. 3. **Lateral geniculate body** (3rd order) — Axons form the optic radiations. 4. **Primary visual cortex** (4th order) — Area 17 in the calcarine sulcus. Note: While some older texts count photoreceptors as the first-order, modern medical standards (Snell, Guyton) designate bipolar cells as the first-order neurons.

Flashcard 2: The axons of _____ganglionic sympathetic neurons enter the sympathetic trunk in white rami communicantes.

Answer: pre

Flashcard 3: The first neuron involved in mydriasis projects from the _____ to the ciliospinal center of Budge (C8 - T2)

Answer: hypothalamus

Flashcard 4: The brainstem center for the vertical gaze is in _____ in midbrain, above oculomotor nuclei.

Answer: Rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF)

Flashcard 5: _____ nucleus of vagus contains neurons from the GVE column and it sends parasympathetic fibers to the glands and smooth muscles in the pharynx, larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera.

Answer: Dorsal

Flashcard 6: General Somatic Afferent: Cranial Nerves _____

Answer: 5,7,9,10

Flashcard 7: The cranial **nerves** that exit _____ are motor CNs (motor, sensory, or mixed)

Answer: medially

Flashcard 8: ID Tract: _____

Answer: Spinothalamic tract

Flashcard 9: ID Structure: _____

Answer: Spinothalamic tract

Flashcard 10: ID Structure: _____

Answer: Spinothalamic tract