Brainstem Anatomy — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: In the visual pathway, the **third-order neurons** are located in the _____?

Answer: Lateral geniculate body (LGB)

Extra: Visual pathway neuron sequence: 1. **Bipolar cells** (1st order) 2. **Ganglion cells** (2nd order) — Axons form the optic nerve/tract. 3. **Lateral geniculate body** (3rd order) — Axons form the optic radiations. 4. **Primary visual cortex** (4th order) — Area 17 in the calcarine sulcus. Note: While some older texts count photoreceptors as the first-order, modern medical standards (Snell, Guyton) designate bipolar cells as the first-order neurons.

Flashcard 2: The _____ component of CN III is located peripherally (centrally or peripherally)

Answer: parasympathetic

Flashcard 3: What is the largest branch of the vertebral artery?_____

Answer: PICA

Flashcard 4: Special Somatic Afferent: Cranial Nerves _____

Answer: 8 and 2

Flashcard 5: Which artery supplies the facial nerve in the geniculate ganglion region?_____

Answer: Superficial petrosal branch of Middle meningeal artery

Flashcard 6: The brainstem center for the vertical gaze is in _____ in midbrain, above oculomotor nuclei.

Answer: Rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF)

Flashcard 7: One component of the basal ganglia is the _____, which is located in the rostral midbrain

Answer: substantia nigra

Flashcard 8: Course of 3rd Nerve:2: Passes to the _____ cranial fossa along the lateral dural wall of the cavernous sinus and divides into superior and inferior in its anterior part

Answer: middle

Flashcard 9: Rules of 4: There are four _____ structures that start with 'M'1. Motor pathway (corticospinal tract)2. Medial lemniscus 3. Medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) 4. Motor nuclei/nerves (CN III, IV, VI, XII)

Answer: midline

Flashcard 10: _____ and SVA columns of cranial nerve nuclei receive afferent fibres from the tongue

Answer: GVA