Environmental Influences on Development — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The epiglottis is _____ shaped in kids

Answer: omega

Flashcard 2: The infant has a _____ position of larynx compared to adults

Answer: higher

Flashcard 3: Elbow joint centres fuse by the age of _____ years

Answer: 16

Flashcard 4: Cervix:corpus ratio at reproductive age is _____

Answer: 1:2 (in nulliparous women)

Extra: Cervix to Corpus Ratios: - At birth: 2:1 - At puberty: 1:1 - Reproductive age (Nulliparous): 1:2 - Reproductive age (Multiparous): 1:3 - Menopause: 1:1 (reverts due to corpus atrophy)

Flashcard 5: All primary ossification centres (except the pisiform) appear in the body by the age of _____ years

Answer: 5 years

Extra: Ossification centers for all bones (except the pisiform) appear by the 5th year of life. Note: The pisiform is the last carpal bone to ossify, appearing between ages 9-12.

Flashcard 6: The sac of omphalocele is composed of an outer layer of _____ and an inner layer of peritoneum

Answer: amnion

Flashcard 7: The secondary ossification center of the head of tibia appears at _____

Answer: birth

Flashcard 8: In children, the spinal cord terminates at the _____ border of the L3 vertebra.

Answer: upper

Flashcard 9: Two aspects of tooth development have been used in the estimation of dental age are: their _____ and mineralization

Answer: emergence

Flashcard 10: Sutures ossify on the _____ surface before they ossify on the ectocranial surface (endo/ectocranial)

Answer: endocranial