Adolescent Medicine Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Practice Indian Medical PG questions for Adolescent Medicine. These multiple choice questions (MCQs) cover important concepts and help you prepare for your exams.
Adolescent Medicine Indian Medical PG Question 1: Which of the following anthropometric indicators best reflects acute malnutrition (wasting) in children?
- A. Weight for height (Correct Answer)
- B. Height for age
- C. BMI for age
- D. Weight for age
Adolescent Medicine Explanation: ***Weight for height***
- **Weight for height** directly measures a child's **current weight** relative to their **height**, providing a snapshot of their nutritional status.
- A low weight for height indicates **wasting**, which is a sign of **acute malnutrition** resulting from recent or rapid weight loss.
*Height for age*
- **Height for age** measures the child's **height** relative to standard measurements for children of the same age.
- A low height for age indicates **stunting**, which is a chronic nutritional problem reflecting **long-term malnutrition**.
*BMI for age*
- **BMI for age** can be used as an indicator for both **underweight** and **overweight** in children over 2 years of age.
- While it reflects nutritional status, **weight-for-height** is generally considered a more direct and sensitive indicator for **acute malnutrition** (wasting) in young children.
*Weight for age*
- **Weight for age** measures the overall nutritional status by comparing a child's **weight** to that of a reference population of the same age.
- It reflects both **acute and chronic malnutrition** (underweight) but cannot distinguish between wasting and stunting alone.
Adolescent Medicine Indian Medical PG Question 2: What is the correct sequence of the following levels of prevention?
1. Specific protection
2. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment
3. Disability limitation and rehabilitation
4. Health promotion
Select the correct sequence from the code given below:
- A. 3, 4, 1, 2
- B. 4, 1, 2, 3 (Correct Answer)
- C. 2, 3, 4, 1
- D. 1, 2, 3, 4
Adolescent Medicine Explanation: ***4, 1, 2, 3***
- The correct sequence of prevention levels starts with **health promotion** (primary prevention), followed by **specific protection** (also primary prevention, but more targeted).
- It then moves to **early diagnosis and prompt treatment** (secondary prevention), and finally to **disability limitation and rehabilitation** (tertiary prevention).
*3, 4, 1, 2*
- This sequence incorrectly places **disability limitation and rehabilitation** (tertiary prevention) at the beginning, which occurs much later in the disease process.
- It also scatters the primary prevention components (health promotion and specific protection) rather than grouping them appropriately at the start.
*2, 3, 4, 1*
- This sequence begins with **early diagnosis and prompt treatment** (secondary prevention), which is not the initial step in the comprehensive prevention model.
- It also places **health promotion** and **specific protection** later than they should be, distorting the chronological progression of preventive actions.
*1, 2, 3, 4*
- This sequence begins with **specific protection**, which is a part of primary prevention but typically follows broader **health promotion** efforts.
- It also places **health promotion** (4) as the last step, which is incorrect as it represents the fundamental and initial level of prevention.
Adolescent Medicine Indian Medical PG Question 3: The Image shows the growth curve of different organs with age. Identify A in the graph.
- A. Brain Growth
- B. Somatic Growth
- C. Lymphoid Growth (Correct Answer)
- D. Gonadal Growth
- E. Reproductive Growth
Adolescent Medicine Explanation: ***Lymphoid Growth***
- Curve 'A' shows a rapid increase in size during **childhood**, peaking around **10-12 years of age**, and then declining to adult levels.
- This pattern is characteristic of **lymphoid tissues** (e.g., thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils), which are larger relative to body size in childhood and undergo involution post-puberty.
*Brain Growth*
- **Neural growth** (like the brain) typically shows very rapid growth in early childhood, reaching close to adult size by about 6-7 years of age, and then leveling off.
- Curve 'A' continues to grow rapidly much longer than expected for brain development and then shows a distinct decline.
*Somatic Growth*
- **General somatic growth** (e.g., body as a whole) shows a sigmoid curve, with rapid growth in infancy and adolescence, and a plateau in adulthood.
- Curve 'A' peaks significantly above the 100% mark and then declines, which is not characteristic of overall somatic growth.
*Gonadal Growth*
- **Genital (gonadal) growth** remains relatively flat until puberty, after which it experiences a rapid increase.
- Curve 'A' shows significant growth in early childhood and a peak before puberty, which is inconsistent with typical gonadal development.
*Reproductive Growth*
- **Reproductive growth** follows the same pattern as gonadal growth, remaining minimal until puberty with subsequent rapid increase.
- Curve 'A' demonstrates early childhood growth and pre-pubertal peak, which does not match the reproductive growth pattern.
Adolescent Medicine Indian Medical PG Question 4: The psychosocial stages/eight-stage ego development across the life cycle is the center piece of whose life work?
- A. Pavel
- B. Strauss
- C. Erik H Erikson (Correct Answer)
- D. Sigmund Freud
Adolescent Medicine Explanation: ***Erik H Erikson***
- **Erik Erikson** developed the **eight psychosocial stages of development**, a comprehensive theory describing how personality and identity unfold across the entire lifespan.
- He emphasized the importance of social interactions and cultural influences in shaping the ego and addressing specific **psychological crises** at each stage.
*Pavel*
- This name is not associated with any prominent psychological theory of psychosocial development or ego development stages across the life cycle.
- There is no widely recognized psychologist or theorist named Pavel known for such a model.
*Strauss*
- While various individuals named Strauss have contributed significantly to different fields (e.g., music, sociology), none are known for a seminal theory on psychosocial stages or eight-stage ego development.
- The name is not linked to this specific psychological concept.
*Sigmund Freud*
- **Sigmund Freud** is known for his **psychosexual stages of development**, which heavily emphasize early childhood experiences and unconscious drives, rather than a lifespan-oriented psychosocial model.
- While foundational to psychology, his stages (oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital) differ significantly from Erikson's psychosocial stages.
Adolescent Medicine Indian Medical PG Question 5: A child with pervasive developmental disorder will have all of the following except:
- A. Stereotyped behaviour
- B. Reduced social interaction
- C. Poor language skills
- D. Impaired cognition (Correct Answer)
Adolescent Medicine Explanation: ***Impaired cognition***
- While some individuals with **pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs)** may have comorbid intellectual disability, **impaired cognition is not a universal or defining characteristic** of PDDs.
- Many individuals with PDDs, particularly those with **Asperger's syndrome**, have **average or above-average intelligence**.
- Intelligence quotient (IQ) varies widely across the autism spectrum, making cognitive impairment a non-essential feature.
*Stereotyped behaviour*
- **Stereotyped and repetitive behaviors** (e.g., hand flapping, rocking, rigid adherence to routines) are a **core diagnostic criterion** for PDDs, including autism spectrum disorder.
- These behaviors are part of the **restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities** domain in diagnostic criteria.
*Reduced social interaction*
- Significant **deficits in social interaction and communication** are a **hallmark feature** of PDDs.
- This manifests as difficulty with reciprocal social communication, impaired ability to interpret social cues, and challenges in forming age-appropriate peer relationships.
*Poor language skills*
- **Communication impairments**, including poor language skills, are a **common feature** of PDDs, especially in classical autism.
- This can include delayed speech development, unusual language patterns (e.g., **echolalia**, pronoun reversal), or complete absence of verbal communication in severe cases.
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