International and Global Health Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Practice Indian Medical PG questions for International and Global Health. These multiple choice questions (MCQs) cover important concepts and help you prepare for your exams.
International and Global Health Indian Medical PG Question 1: All are provisions of WHO mental health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP), except:
- A. Communication regarding care
- B. Human rights
- C. Screening family members (Correct Answer)
- D. Social support
International and Global Health Explanation: ***Screening family members***
- The **WHO mhGAP** primarily focuses on scaling up care for **priority mental, neurological, and substance use disorders** in low- and middle-income countries. It does not explicitly include the provision of routine screening of family members of affected individuals.
- While family support is crucial, direct screening of asymptomatic family members for psychiatric disorders is not a core component of the program's defined interventions for service delivery.
*Communication regarding care*
- **Effective communication** is a fundamental aspect of the **WHO mhGAP** to ensure patients and their families understand their condition and treatment plan.
- It emphasizes **patient-centered care** and informed decision-making, which rely heavily on clear and empathetic communication from healthcare providers.
*Human rights*
- **Human rights** are a foundational principle of the **WHO mhGAP**, ensuring that individuals with mental disorders receive care without discrimination and with respect for their dignity and autonomy.
- The program advocates for policies and practices that protect the rights of people with mental health conditions. [1]
*Social support*
- **Social support** is a crucial component promoted by the **WHO mhGAP**, recognizing its role in recovery and well-being for individuals with mental health conditions.
- The program encourages interventions that strengthen social ties and community integration to reduce isolation and improve outcomes.
International and Global Health Indian Medical PG Question 2: Which of the following is NOT a core component of the WHO's global STI control strategy?
- A. Case management
- B. Universal mandatory screening (Correct Answer)
- C. Strategic information systems
- D. Prevention services
International and Global Health Explanation: ***Universal mandatory screening***
- While screening is part of STI control, **universal mandatory screening** for all STIs in the general population is not a core component of the WHO's strategy due to feasibility, cost, and ethical considerations.
- The strategy emphasizes **targeted screening** for at-risk populations and opportunistic screening.
*Case management*
- **Case management**, including accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, is a critical component for managing current infections and preventing further transmission.
- This involves syndromic or etiologic approaches to treatment and partner notification.
*Strategic information systems*
- **Strategic information systems** are essential for monitoring trends, evaluating interventions, and informing policy decisions related to STI control.
- This includes surveillance data, program monitoring, and research.
*Prevention services*
- **Prevention services** are a cornerstone of the WHO's strategy, aiming to reduce the incidence of new infections.
- These services encompass health education, condom promotion and distribution, vaccination, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
International and Global Health Indian Medical PG Question 3: Which one of the following indicators is not included in Millennium Development Goals?
- A. Maternal mortality ratio
- B. Suicide rate per 100,000 population
- C. T.B. death rate per 100,000 children (0 – 4 years of age) (Correct Answer)
- D. Under five mortality rate
International and Global Health Explanation: ***T.B. death rate per 100,000 children (0 – 4 years of age)***
- While **tuberculosis** was addressed in **MDG 6** (Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases), this **specific age-stratified indicator** was not directly enumerated in the official MDG indicator framework.
- The MDG indicators for TB included: **prevalence of tuberculosis**, **tuberculosis incidence rate**, **proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under DOTS**, and general TB death rates - but NOT age-specific pediatric TB mortality rates for the 0-4 year age group.
- This makes it the correct answer as it represents a specific metric formulation that was not part of the official MDG monitoring framework, despite TB being included in the broader goals.
*Maternal mortality ratio*
- The **maternal mortality ratio** was a **key indicator under MDG 5** (Improve Maternal Health).
- Target 5.A specifically aimed to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three-quarters between 1990 and 2015.
- This was one of the core reproductive health indicators monitored globally.
*Suicide rate per 100,000 population*
- The **suicide rate** was not included in the Millennium Development Goals framework.
- Mental health indicators, including suicide rates, were notably absent from the MDGs, which focused on infectious diseases, maternal and child health, poverty, education, and environmental sustainability.
- However, among the options listed, the **TB death rate for children 0-4 years** is considered the answer because it represents a more specific technical distinction about indicator formulation within a disease area (TB) that WAS included in the MDGs, whereas suicide was entirely outside the MDG scope.
*Under five mortality rate*
- The **under-five mortality rate** was a **central indicator under MDG 4** (Reduce Child Mortality).
- Target 4.A aimed to reduce the under-five mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015.
- This was measured as deaths per 1,000 live births before age five.
International and Global Health Indian Medical PG Question 4: A woman delivers a healthy baby with weight 2.2 kg at the time of birth. What measures are to be taken?
1. The baby should be exclusively breast fed for first six months
2. The vaccination with OPV and BCG should be delayed till the baby is 2.5 kg of weight
3. Baby should be kept with mother and kangaroo care to be given
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- A. 2 and 3 only
- B. 1 and 2 only
- C. 1, 2 and 3
- D. 1 and 3 only (Correct Answer)
International and Global Health Explanation: ***1 and 3 only***
- **Exclusive breastfeeding** for the first six months is crucial for **nutrition** and **immunity**, especially for low birth weight babies.
- **Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC)**, involving skin-to-skin contact, helps regulate the baby's temperature, promotes bonding, and supports weight gain in LBW infants.
*2 and 3 only*
- While **Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC)** is appropriate for this baby, the recommendation to delay vaccination is incorrect.
- **BCG vaccination** should be given at birth to babies weighing **≥2 kg** as per IAP guidelines, so a 2.2 kg baby qualifies for immediate vaccination.
*1 and 2 only*
- **Exclusive breastfeeding** is appropriate, but delaying vaccinations is not indicated for a baby weighing 2.2 kg.
- **BCG** is given at birth for babies ≥2 kg, and routine immunization schedule should be followed without delay based on birth weight alone.
*1, 2 and 3*
- While statements 1 and 3 correctly identify beneficial practices (exclusive breastfeeding and kangaroo care), statement 2 is incorrect.
- **Vaccination guidelines** (IAP/UIP) recommend administering **BCG at birth** for babies ≥2 kg, and routine immunizations as per schedule without weight-based delays for a 2.2 kg baby.
International and Global Health Indian Medical PG Question 5: Consider the following statements: The strategy to eradicate poliomyelitis in India comprised of:
1. Conducting National Immunization Days
2. Mopping up rounds with OPV
3. Acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance
4. Public awareness through multimedia
Which of these statements are correct?
- A. 1 and 3 only
- B. 2 and 4 only
- C. 1, 2 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Correct Answer)
International and Global Health Explanation: ***1, 2, 3 and 4***
* All four strategies—**National Immunization Days (NIDs)**, **mopping-up rounds with OPV**, **Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance**, and **public awareness campaigns**—were integral to India's successful polio eradication effort.
* These components collectively ensured high vaccination coverage, targeted interventions in high-risk areas, effective case detection, and community engagement, leading to the country being declared polio-free.
*1 and 3 only*
* This option is incomplete as it omits **mopping-up rounds** and **public awareness**, both of which were crucial for achieving and maintaining high herd immunity and community participation.
* While **NIDs** and **AFP surveillance** were foundational, they alone would not have been sufficient for complete eradication without the other critical components.
*2 and 4 only*
* This option overlooks **National Immunization Days (NIDs)**, which were large-scale, nationwide vaccination campaigns fundamental to delivering OPV to a vast population.
* It also omits **Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance**, which was essential for identifying and investigating all suspected polio cases, allowing for rapid response and containment.
*1, 2 and 3 only*
* This option does not include **public awareness through multimedia**, which was vital for informing parents about the importance of vaccination, addressing vaccine hesitancy, and mobilizing community support during campaigns.
* While **NIDs**, **mopping-up rounds**, and **AFP surveillance** targeted the biological and operational aspects, public awareness was critical for the social and behavioral components of the eradication strategy.
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