A 25-year-old man presents to his gastroenterologist for trouble swallowing. The patient states that whenever he eats solids, he regurgitates them back up. Given this patient's suspected diagnosis, the gastroenterologist performs a diagnostic test. Several hours later, the patient presents to the emergency department with chest pain and shortness of breath. His temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 130/85 mmHg, pulse is 60/min, respirations are 12/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. On physical exam, the patient demonstrates a normal cardiopulmonary exam. His physical exam demonstrates no tenderness of the neck, a normal oropharynx, palpable crepitus above the clavicles, and minor lymphadenopathy. Which of the following is the best next step in management?
ABarium swallow
BGastrografin swallow
CUrgent surgery
DUltrasound
A new mother expresses her concerns because her 1-day-old newborn has been having feeding difficulties. The child vomits after every feeding and has had a continuous cough since shortly after birth. The mother denies any greenish coloration of the vomit and says that it is only composed of whitish milk that the baby just had. The child exhibits these coughing spells during the exam, at which time the physician notices the child’s skin becoming cyanotic. The mother states that the child was born vaginally with no complications, although her records show that she had polyhydramnios during her last ultrasound before the delivery. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the patient’s symptoms?
AFailure of recanalization of duodenum
BObstruction due to failure of rotation of pancreatic tissue
CHypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter
DFailure of neural crest cells to migrate into the myenteric plexus
EDefective formation of the esophagus with tracheoesophageal connection
A previously healthy 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 5-month history of progressively worsening substernal chest pain after meals. The pain occurs almost daily, is worst after eating spicy food or drinking coffee, and often wakes him up from sleep at night. He has not had any weight loss. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years and he drinks 1 to 2 glasses of wine daily with dinner. Physical examination is unremarkable. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy shows erythema of the distal esophagus with two small mucosal erosions. Biopsy specimens obtained from the esophagus show no evidence of metaplasia. Without treatment, this patient is at greatest risk for which of the following complications?
AEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma
BEsophageal adenocarcinoma
CEsophageal stricture
DSliding hiatal hernia
EPyloric stenosis
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