A 24-year-old woman presents with a 3-month history of worsening insomnia and anxiety. She says that she has an important college exam in the next few weeks for which she has to put in many hours of work each day. Despite the urgency of her circumstances, she states that she is unable to focus and concentrate, is anxious, irritable and has lost interest in almost all activities. She also says that she has trouble falling asleep and wakes up several times during the night. She claims that this state of affairs has severely hampered her productivity and is a major problem for her, and she feels tired and fatigued all day. She denies hearing voices, abnormal thoughts, or any other psychotic symptoms. The patient asks if there is some form of therapy that can help her sleep better so that she can function more effectively during the day. She claims that the other symptoms of not enjoying anything, irritability, and anxiety are things that she can learn to handle. Which of the following approaches is most likely to address the patients concerns most effectively?
AInitiation of risperidone
BPsychotherapy only
CTrial of bupropion
DPhototherapy
EInitiation of mirtazapine
A 15-year-old boy is brought to the physician with excessive daytime sleepiness over the past year. His parents are concerned with his below-average school performance over the last 3 months. He goes to bed around midnight and wakes up at 7 am on school days, but sleeps in late on weekends. He exercises regularly after school. He usually has a light snack an hour before bed. He does not snore or have awakenings during sleep. He has no history of a serious illness and takes no medications. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is meeting all developmental milestones. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. There is no history of a similar problem in the family. His vital signs are within normal limits. His BMI is 22 kg/m2. Physical examination shows no abnormal findings. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation at this time?
ATake melatonin before bedtime
BAvoid snacks before bedtime
CDecrease exercise intensity
DIncrease nighttime sleep hours
ETake a nap in the afternoon
A 27-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with concerns about poor sleep quality. The patient states that he often has trouble falling asleep and that it is negatively affecting his studies. He is nervous that he is going to fail out of graduate school. He states that he recently performed poorly at a lab meeting where he had to present his research. This has been a recurrent issue for the patient any time he has had to present in front of groups. Additionally, the patient is concerned that his girlfriend is going to leave him and feels the relationship is failing. The patient has a past medical history of irritable bowel syndrome for which he takes fiber supplements. His temperature is 98.9°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 117/68 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, respirations are 12/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is within normal limits. Which of the following is the best initial step in management?
ADuloxetine
BAlprazolam during presentations
CFluoxetine
DCognitive behavioral therapy
EPropranolol during presentations
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