An investigator is studying a hereditary defect in the mitochondrial enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase. In addition to succinate, the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme produces a molecule that is utilized as an energy source for protein translation. This molecule is also required for which of the following conversion reactions?
AOxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate
BPyruvate to acetyl-CoA
CAcetaldehyde to acetate
DGlucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconolactone
EFructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
A 20-year-old woman reports to student health complaining of 5 days of viral symptoms including sneezing and a runny nose. She started coughing 2 days ago and is seeking cough medication. She additionally mentions that she developed a fever 2 days ago, but this has resolved. On exam, her temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 118/76 mmHg, pulse is 86/min, and respirations are 12/min. Changes in the activity of warm-sensitive neurons in which part of her hypothalamus likely contributed to the development and resolution of her fever?
AAnterior hypothalamus
BParaventricular nucleus
CSuprachiasmatic nucleus
DLateral area
EPosterior hypothalamus
A 26-year-old medical student who is preparing for Step 1 exams is woken up by her friend for breakfast. She realizes that she must have fallen asleep at her desk while attempting to study through the night. While walking with her friend to breakfast, she realizes that she has not eaten since breakfast the previous day. Using this as motivation to review some biochemistry, she pauses to consider what organs are responsible for allowing her to continue thinking clearly in this physiologic state. Which of the following sets of organs are associated with the major source of energy currently facilitating her cognition?
AMuscle only
BLiver and kidney
CLiver and muscle
DLiver, muscle, and kidney
ELiver only
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