A 28-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of intense thirst and frequent urination for the past 2 weeks. She says that she constantly feels the urge to drink water and is also going to the bathroom to urinate frequently throughout the day and multiple times at night. She was most recently hospitalized 1 month prior to presentation following a motor vehicle accident in which she suffered severe impact to her head. The physician obtains laboratory tests, with the results shown below: Serum: Na+: 149 mEq/L Cl-: 103 mEq/L K+: 3.5 mEq/L HCO3-: 24 mEq/L BUN: 20 mg/dL Glucose: 105 mg/dL Urine Osm: 250 mOsm/kg The patient’s condition is most likely caused by inadequate hormone secretion from which of the following locations?
AAdrenal cortex
BAnterior pituitary
CPreoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus
DSuprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
EPosterior pituitary
A 56-year-old man is seen in the hospital for a chief complaint of intense thirst and polyuria. His history is significant for recent transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary adenoma. With regard to the man's fluid balance, which of the following would be expected?
AHyponatremia
BIncreased extracellular fluid osmolarity
CSerum osmolarity <290 mOsm/L
DElevated serum ADH
EElevated blood glucose
A 30-year-old man presents to your clinic complaining of excessive thirst and frequent urination for the past few months. Urine testing reveals a low urine osmolarity, which fails to increase after subjecting the patient to a water deprivation test and injection of desmopressin. Further into the encounter, the patient reveals that he has been on a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder for several years. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his polyuria?
ANephrogenic diabetes insipidus
BSyndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
CPrimary polydipsia
DCentral diabetes insipidus
EUrinary tract infection
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