A 64-year-old African American female comes to the physician's office for a routine check-up. The patient's past medical history is significant for hypertension, diabetes, and osteoarthritis in her right knee. Her medications include metformin, glimepiride, lisinopril, metoprolol, hydrochlorothiazide, and ibuprofen as needed. Her only complaint is an unremitting cough that started about 3 weeks ago and she has noticed some swelling around her mouth. The drug most likely responsible for her recent symptoms causes its primary renal hemodynamic effect on which part of the kidney?
ACollecting duct
BDistal convoluted tubule
CJuxtaglomerular cells
DEfferent arteriole
EAfferent arteriole
Which transport mechanism is primarily responsible for calcium reabsorption in the proximal tubule?
AParacellular transport
BFacilitated diffusion
CActive transport
DAntiport with sodium
A new drug X is being tested for its effect on renal function. During the experiments, the researchers found that in patients taking substance X, the urinary concentration of sodium decreases while urine potassium concentration increase. Which of the following affects the kidneys in the same way as does substance X?
AAldosterone
BFurosemide
CSpironolactone
DAtrial natriuretic peptide
EHydrochlorothiazide
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