A 22-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus and mild asthma comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She has had several episodes of sweating, dizziness, and nausea in the past 2 months that occur during the day and always resolve after she drinks orange juice. She is compliant with her diet and insulin regimen. The physician recommends lowering her insulin dose in certain situations. This recommendation is most important in which of the following situations?
AAfter a stressful exam
BDuring a viral infection
CBefore exercise
DAfter large meals
EDuring pregnancy
A 42-year-old G1P0 woman presents to an obstetrician for her first prenatal visit. She has been pregnant for about 10 weeks and is concerned about how pregnancy will affect her health. Specifically, she is afraid that her complicated medical history will be adversely affected by her pregnancy. Her past medical history is significant for mild polycythemia, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, easy bleeding, multiple sclerosis, and aortic regurgitation. Which of these disorders is most likely to increase in severity during the course of the pregnancy?
AEasy bleeding
BHypoventilation
CMultiple sclerosis
DPolycythemia
EHeart murmur
During exercise, what is the primary mechanism for increased oxygen delivery to active muscles?
ADecreased blood viscosity
BIncreased cardiac output
CIncreased hemoglobin affinity
DEnhanced oxygen diffusion
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