A 17-year-old male presents to your office complaining of polyuria, polydipsia, and unintentional weight loss of 12 pounds over the past 3 months. On physical examination, the patient is tachypneic with labored breathing. Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities would you most likely observe in this patient?
AHypophosphatemia
BHypermagnesemia
CHyperkalemia
DHyponatremia
EHyperphosphatemia
A 65-year-old man is brought to the emergency department from his home. He is unresponsive. His son requested a wellness check because he had not heard from his father in 2 weeks. He reports that his father was sounding depressed during a telephone call. The paramedics found a suicide note and a half-empty bottle of antifreeze near the patient. The medical history includes hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The vital signs include: blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg, respiratory rate 25/min, heart rate 95/min, and temperature 37.0°C (98.5°F). He is admitted to the hospital. What do you expect the blood gas analysis to show?
ANon-anion gap metabolic acidosis
BMetabolic alkalosis
CRespiratory acidosis
DAnion gap metabolic acidosis
EMixed acid-base disorder
A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after he was found unresponsive on the street. Upon admission, he is lethargic and cyanotic with small, symmetrical pinpoint pupils. The following vital signs were registered: blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg, heart rate of 70/min, respiratory rate of 8/min, and a body temperature of 36.0°C (96.8°F). While being assessed and resuscitated, a sample for arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was taken, in addition to the following biochemistry tests: Laboratory test Serum Na+ 138 mEq/L Serum Cl- 101 mEq/L Serum K+ 4.0 mEq/L Serum creatinine (SCr) 0.58 mg/dL Which of the following values would you most likely expect to see in this patient’s ABG results?
ApH: decreased, HCO3- : increased, Pco2: increased
BpH: increased, HCO3- : decreased, Pco2: decreased
CpH: decreased, HCO3- : decreased, Pco2: decreased
DpH: increased, HCO3- : increased, Pco2: increased
EpH: normal, HCO3- : increased, Pco2: increased
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