A 58-year-old obese woman presents with painless postmenopausal bleeding for the past 5 days. A recent endometrial biopsy confirmed endometrial cancer, and the patient is scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Past medical history is significant for stress incontinence and diabetes mellitus type 2. Menarche was at age 11 and menopause was at age 55. The patient has 4 healthy children from uncomplicated pregnancies, who were all formula fed. Current medications are topical estrogen and metformin. Family history is significant for breast cancer in her grandmother at age 80. Which of the following aspects of this patient’s history is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer?
AEarly menarche
BFormula feeding
CObesity
DEndometrial cancer
EMultiple pregnancies
A 19-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a delayed menstrual period. She has had regular menses since menarche at age 11. Her last menstrual period was 7 weeks ago. She is sexually active with two male partners. A urine pregnancy test is positive. An ultrasound of the pelvis shows a viable intrauterine pregnancy with an estimated gestational age of 6 weeks and 5 days. She does not wish to continue with the pregnancy. After carefully weighing the options with her physician, she is prescribed two medications, one of which is mifepristone. Which of the following is this drug's primary mechanism of action?
AActivation of prostaglandin E1 receptors
BInhibition of dihydrofolate reductase
CBlockage of progesterone receptor
DAgonist at oxytocin receptors
EAntagonist at gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors
A 30-year-old woman presents to a medical clinic for a routine check-up. She gained about 5 kg (11 lb) since the last time she weighed herself 3 months ago. She also complains of constipation and sensitivity to cold. She also noticed her hair appears to be thinning. The patient started to use combined oral contraceptives a few months ago and she is compliant. On physical examination, the temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), the blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg, the pulse is 65/min, and the respiratory rate is 14/min. The laboratory results are as follows: Thyroxine (T4), total 25 ug/dL Thyroxine (T4), free 0.8 ng/dL TSH 0.2 mU/L Which of the following is the main mechanism of action of the drug that caused her signs and symptoms?
AInhibition of an enzyme in the thyroid gland
BInducing endometrial atrophy
CIncrease the thickness of cervical mucus secretions
DInhibition of hormones in the pituitary gland
EInhibition of hormones in hypothalamus
+ 7 more in the PDF
Browse all chapters