A 17-year-old high school student is brought to the emergency department because of irritability and rapid breathing. He appears agitated and is diaphoretic. His temperature is 38.3°C (101°F), pulse is 129/min, respirations are 28/min, and blood pressure is 158/95 mmHg. His pupils are dilated. An ECG shows sinus tachycardia. Which of the following substances is used to make the drug this patient has most likely taken?
AErgotamine
BCodeine
CSodium oxybate
DHomatropine
EPseudoephedrine
A 24-year-old graduate student is brought to the emergency department by her boyfriend because of chest pain that started 90 minutes ago. Her boyfriend says she has been taking medication to help her study for an important exam and has not slept in several days. On examination, she is diaphoretic, agitated, and attempts to remove her IV lines and ECG leads. Her temperature is 37.6°C (99.7°F), pulse is 128/min, and blood pressure is 163/97 mmHg. Her pupils are dilated. The most appropriate next step in management is the administration of which of the following?
ALorazepam
BKetamine
CHaloperidol
DActivated charcoal
EDantrolene
A 43-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 45 minutes after his wife found him on the floor sweating profusely. On arrival, he is lethargic and unable to provide a history. He vomited multiple times on the way to the hospital. His temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 55/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 98/65 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 80%. Examination shows profuse diaphoresis and excessive salivation. He withdraws his extremities sluggishly to pain. The pupils are constricted and reactive. Scattered expiratory wheezing and rhonchi are heard throughout both lung fields. Cardiac examination shows no abnormalities. There are fine fasciculations in the lower extremities bilaterally. Muscle strength is reduced and deep tendon reflexes are 1+ bilaterally. His clothes are soaked with urine and feces. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy?
ANon-selective α-adrenergic antagonism
BCompetitive antagonism of mACh receptors
CAlkaloid emesis-induction
DEnteral binding
EUrine alkalization
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