An 82-year-old male with congestive heart failure experiences rapid decompensation of his condition, manifesting as worsening dyspnea, edema, and increased fatigue. Labs reveal an increase in his serum creatinine from baseline. As part of the management of this acute change, the patient is given IV dobutamine to alleviate his symptoms. Which of the following effects occur as a result of this therapy?
ADecreased cardiac contractility
BDecreased heart rate
CIncreased myocardial oxygen consumption
DIncreased systemic vascular resistance due to systemic vasoconstriction
ESlowed atrioventricular conduction velocities
A 65-year-old male with a history of CHF presents to the emergency room with shortness of breath, lower leg edema, and fatigue. He is diagnosed with acute decompensated congestive heart failure, was admitted to the CCU, and treated with a medication that targets beta-1 adrenergic receptors preferentially over beta-2 adrenergic receptors. The prescribing physician explained that this medication would only be used temporarily as its efficacy decreases within 2-3 days due to receptor downregulation. Which of the following was prescribed?
AEpinephrine
BNorepinephrine
CMilrinone
DIsoproterenol
EDobutamine
A 25-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit with confusion and severe dyspnea at rest which started 3 hours ago. The symptoms worsen when the patient lies down and improve in the sitting position. The patient has a history of cocaine abuse. The patient's blood pressure is 75/50 mm Hg, the heart rate is 95/min, the respiratory rate is 22/min, the temperature is 36.5℃ (97.7℉), and the SpO2 is 89% on room air. On physical examination, there is peripheral cyanosis with pallor, coldness of the extremities, diaphoresis, and marked peripheral veins distension. Lung auscultation reveals bilateral absence of the lung sounds over the lower lobes and widespread rales over the other lung fields. On cardiac auscultation, there is a protodiastolic gallop and S2 accentuation best heard in the second intercostal space at the left sternal border. Abdominal palpation shows signs of intraperitoneal fluid accumulation and hepatomegaly. Considering the low cardiac output, milrinone is administered as an inotropic agent. What is the most likely side effect which can result from administration of milrinone?
AAsystole
BThird grade AV-blockade
CVentricular arrhythmias
DSupraventricular arrhythmia
EQT-prolongation
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