A 56-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He reports that he has been compliant with his current antidiabetic medication regimen. His hemoglobin A1c concentration is 8.5%. The physician prescribes a drug that reversibly inhibits a membrane-bound enzyme that hydrolyzes carbohydrate bonds. Which of the following drugs was most likely added to this patient's medication regimen?
ACanagliflozin
BMiglitol
CLinagliptin
DPramlintide
ERosiglitazone
A new drug X is being tested for its effect on renal function. During the experiments, the researchers found that in patients taking substance X, the urinary concentration of sodium decreases while urine potassium concentration increase. Which of the following affects the kidneys in the same way as does substance X?
AAldosterone
BFurosemide
CSpironolactone
DAtrial natriuretic peptide
EHydrochlorothiazide
A 54-year-old woman presents for follow-up care for her type 2 diabetes mellitus. She was diagnosed approximately 2 years ago and was treated with dietary modifications, an exercise regimen, metformin, and glipizide. She reports that her increased thirst and urinary frequency has not improved with her current treatment regimen. Her hemoglobin A1c is 8.5% at this visit. She is started on a medication that will result in weight loss but places her at increased risk of developing urinary tract infections and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the prescribed medication?
APeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator
BGlucagon-like protein-1 receptor agonist
CSodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor
DAlpha-glucosidase inhibitor
EDipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor
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