A 57-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of crampy abdominal pain and foul-smelling, watery diarrhea. One week ago, she underwent treatment of cellulitis with clindamycin. She has developed shortness of breath and urticaria after treatment with vancomycin in the past. Her temperature is 38.4°C (101.1°F). Abdominal examination shows mild tenderness in the left lower quadrant. Her leukocyte count is 12,800/mm3. An enzyme immunoassay is positive for glutamate dehydrogenase antigen and toxins A and B. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for this patient's condition?
ABlocking of protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal subunit
BInhibition of cell wall peptidoglycan formation
CInhibition of RNA polymerase sigma subunit
DInhibition of bacterial topoisomerases II and IV
EGeneration of toxic free radical metabolites
A 54-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. One week ago, he was treated in the emergency department for chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea. As part of his regimen, he was started on a medication that irreversibly inhibits the synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins. Which of the following is the most likely adverse effect of this medication?
ATinnitus
BGout attack
CChronic rhinosinusitis
DAcute interstitial nephritis
EGastrointestinal hemorrhage
Six days after undergoing an elective hip replacement surgery, a 79-year-old man develops dysuria, flank pain, and fever. His temperature is 38.5°C (101.3°F). Examination shows marked tenderness in the right costovertebral area. Treatment with an antibiotic is begun, but his symptoms do not improve. Further evaluation shows that the causal organism produces an enzyme that inactivates the antibiotic via phosphorylation. An agent from which of the following classes of antibiotics was most likely administered?
AMacrolides
BTetracyclines
CAminoglycosides
DGlycopeptides
EFluoroquinolones
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