A 52-year-old Caucasian male presents to your office complaining of black, tarry stool. Which of the following possible causes of this patient's presentation is LEAST associated with the development of carcinoma?
AAdenomatous polyp
BH. pylori infection
CGastric ulcer
DBarrett's esophagus
EDuodenal ulcer
A 34-year-old man with worsening refractory epigastric pain secondary to long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease presents for endoscopic evaluation. Past medical history is also significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus that was diagnosed 3 years ago, managed medically. Current medications are metformin, metoclopramide, and omeprazole. Which of the following best describes this patient’s most likely endoscopic findings?
AEsophageal smooth muscle atrophy
BMetaplasia of the esophageal mucosa
CA malignant proliferation of squamous cells
DHypertrophy of the esophageal mucosa protruding into the lumen of the lower esophagus
ELongitudinal lacerations of the esophageal mucosa
A 35-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of a neck mass and hoarseness. He has no history of major medical illness. Physical examination shows a 2.5-cm fixed, irregular thyroid nodule. His serum calcitonin concentration is elevated. The nodule is most likely comprised of cells that are embryologically derived from which of the following structures?
ASecond branchial pouch
BFourth branchial arch
CSurface ectoderm
DThird branchial pouch
ENeural crest cells
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