A 78-year-old man dies suddenly from complications of acute kidney failure. An autopsy is performed and microscopic evaluation of the kidneys shows pale, swollen cells in the proximal convoluted tubules. Microscopic evaluation of the liver shows similar findings. Which of the following is the most likely underlying mechanism of these findings?
ADouble-stranded DNA breakage
BImpaired Na+/K+-ATPase pump activity
CFree radical formation
DCytochrome C release
ECytoplasmic triglyceride accumulation
A 44-year-old Caucasian male presents with a fever, recent weight loss, and a cough productive of bloody sputum. A chest X-ray and CT scan were performed, revealing cavities near the apex of his lungs. The patient is started on rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. Formation of the cavities in the patient's lungs is mainly mediated by:
ANK cells
BApoptosis
CB-cells
DToxin secretion by the bacterium
ETH1 cells
A researcher is tracing the fate of C-peptide, a product of preproinsulin cleavage. Which of the following is a true statement regarding the fate of C-peptide?
AC-peptide exits the cells via a protein channel
BC-peptide is further cleaved into insulin
CC-peptide is packaged with insulin in secretory vesicles
DC-peptide is immediately degraded by the proteasome
EC-peptide activates an intracellular signaling cascade
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