A 38-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 35 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of an episode of vaginal bleeding that morning. The bleeding has subsided. She has had no prenatal care. Her previous child was delivered with a caesarean section because of a breech presentation. Her temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 88/min, respirations are 14/min, and blood pressure is 125/85 mm Hg. The abdomen is nontender and the size of the uterus is consistent with a 35-week gestation. No contractions are felt. The fetal heart rate is 145/min. Her hemoglobin concentration is 12 g/dL, leukocyte count is 13,000/mm3, and platelet count is 350,000/mm3. Transvaginal ultrasound shows that the placenta covers the internal os. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
ASchedule elective cesarean delivery
BObservation only
CPerform bimanual pelvic examination
DPerform emergency cesarean delivery
EAdminister oxytocin to induce labor
A 29-year-old G2P2 female gives birth to a healthy baby boy at 39 weeks of gestation via vaginal delivery. Immediately after the delivery of the placenta, she experiences profuse vaginal hemorrhage. Her prior birthing history is notable for an emergency cesarean section during her first pregnancy. She did not receive any prenatal care during either pregnancy. Her past medical history is notable for obesity and diabetes mellitus, which is well controlled on metformin. Her temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 95/50 mmHg, pulse is 125/min, and respirations are 22/min. On physical examination, the patient is in moderate distress. Her extremities are pale, cool, and clammy. Capillary refill is delayed. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s bleeding?
AChorionic villi invading into the myometrium
BPlacental implantation over internal cervical os
CChorionic villi attaching to the decidua basalis
DChorionic villi invading into the serosa
EChorionic villi attaching to the myometrium
A 24-year-old primigravida presents at 36 weeks gestation with vaginal bleeding, mild abdominal pain, and uterine contractions that appeared after bumping into a handrail. The vital signs are as follows: blood pressure 130/80 mm Hg, heart rate 79/min, respiratory rate 12/min, and temperature 36.5℃ (97.7℉). The fetal heart rate was 145/min. Uterine fundus is at the level of the xiphoid process. Slight uterine tenderness and contractions are noted on palpation. The perineum is bloody. The gynecologic examination shows no vaginal or cervical lesions. The cervix is long and closed. Streaks of bright red blood are passing through the cervix. A transabdominal ultrasound shows the placenta to be attached to the lateral uterine wall with a marginal retroplacental hematoma (an approximate volume of 150 ml). The maternal hematocrit is 36%. What is the next best step in the management of this patient?
AManage as an outpatient with modified rest
BInduction of vaginal labor
CCorticosteroid administration and schedule a cesarean section after
DAdmit for maternal and fetal monitoring and observation
EUrgent cesarean delivery
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