A 35-year-old woman from San Francisco has been refusing to vaccinate her children due to the claims that vaccinations may cause autism in children. Her 10-year-old male child began developing a low-grade fever with a rash that started on his face; as the rash began to spread to his limbs, it slowly disappeared from his face. When the child was taken to a clinic, the physician noticed swollen lymph nodes behind the ears of the child. Which of the following are characteristics of the virus causing these symptoms?
ANonenveloped, DS segmented RNA
BEnveloped, SS - nonsegmented RNA
CEnveloped, SS + nonsegmented RNA
DNonenveloped, SS linear DNA
EEnveloped, DS linear DNA
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents with a presentation of severe diarrhea, vomiting, and fever for the past 2 days. The child is enrolled at a daycare where several other children have had similar symptoms in the past week. On physical exam, the child is noted to have dry mucous membranes. His temperature is 102°F (39°C). Questions regarding previous medical history reveal that the child’s parents pursued vaccine exemption to opt out of most routine vaccinations for their child. The RNA virus that is most likely causing this child’s condition has which of the following structural features?
ASingle-stranded, icosahedral, non-enveloped
BDouble-stranded, icosahedral, non-enveloped
CSingle-stranded, helical, enveloped
DSingle-stranded, icosahedral, enveloped
EDouble-stranded, helical, non-enveloped
A 45-year-old man with a history of poorly controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presents to the emergency room complaining of clumsiness and weakness. He reports a 3-month history of worsening balance, asymmetric muscle weakness, and speech difficulties. He recently returned from a trip to Guatemala to visit his family. He has been poorly compliant with his anti-retroviral therapy and his most recent CD4 count was 195. His history is also notable for rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis C. His temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg, pulse is 95/min, and respirations are 18/min. On exam, he has 4/5 strength in his right upper extremity, 5/5 strength in his left upper extremity, 5/5 strength in his right lower extremity, and 3/5 strength in his left lower extremity. His speech is disjointed with intermittent long pauses between words. Vision is 20/100 in the left eye and 20/40 in his right eye; previously, his eyesight was 20/30 bilaterally. This patient most likely has a condition caused by which of the following types of pathogens?
AArenavirus
BBunyavirus
CHerpesvirus
DPolyomavirus
EPicornavirus
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