A scientist is researching the long term effects of the hepatitis viruses on hepatic tissue. She finds that certain strains are oncogenic and increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, they appear to do so via different mechanisms. Which of the following answer choices correctly pairs the hepatitis virus with the correct oncogenic process?
AHepatitis A virus - chronic inflammation
BHepatitis C virus - chronic inflammation
CHepatitis E virus - integration of viral DNA into host hepatocyte genome
DHepatitis B virus - integration of viral DNA into host hepatocyte genome
EHepatitis A virus - integration of viral DNA into host hepatocyte genome
A 38-year-old woman makes an appointment with her family physician for a routine check-up after being away due to travel for 1 year. She recently had a screening Pap smear, which was negative for malignancy. Her past medical history is significant for a Pap smear 2 years ago that reported a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). A subsequent colposcopy diagnosed high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2). The patient is surprised by the differences in her diagnostic tests. You explain to her the basis for the difference and reassure her. With this in mind, which of the following HPV serotypes is most likely to be present in the patient?
AHPV 33
BHPV 16
CHPV 6
DHPV 31
EHPV 18
A 28-year-old male with a history of HIV infection is found to have a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of 68 cells per microliter. As a consequence of his HIV infection, this patient is at increased risk of malignancy due to which of the following?
APneumocystis jiroveci
BActinomyces israelii
CHelicobacter pylori
DHHV-6
EEpstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
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