A scientist is researching the long term effects of the hepatitis viruses on hepatic tissue. She finds that certain strains are oncogenic and increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, they appear to do so via different mechanisms. Which of the following answer choices correctly pairs the hepatitis virus with the correct oncogenic process?
AHepatitis A virus - chronic inflammation
BHepatitis C virus - chronic inflammation
CHepatitis E virus - integration of viral DNA into host hepatocyte genome
DHepatitis B virus - integration of viral DNA into host hepatocyte genome
EHepatitis A virus - integration of viral DNA into host hepatocyte genome
A 31-year-old female presents to her gynecologist for a routine Pap smear. Her last Pap smear was three years ago and was normal. On the current Pap smear, she is found to have atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS). Reflex HPV testing is positive. What is the best next step?
AColposcopy
BRepeat Pap smear and HPV testing in 5 years
CRepeat Pap smear in 3 years
DRepeat Pap smear in 1 year
ELoop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)
A 20-year-old man who is a biology major presents to his physician for a simple check-up. He is informed that he hasn't received a hepatitis B vaccine. When the first injection is applied, the medical professional informs him that he will need to come back 2 more times on assigned days, since the vaccine is given in 3 doses. Which of the following antibodies is produced first in the college student as a result of the first vaccination?
AIgE
BIgG
CIgM
DIgD
EIgA
+ 7 more in the PDF
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