You have been asked to quantify the relative risk of developing bacterial meningitis following exposure to a patient with active disease. You analyze 200 patients in total, half of which are controls. In the trial arm, 30% of exposed patients ultimately contracted bacterial meningitis. In the unexposed group, only 1% contracted the disease. Which of the following is the relative risk due to disease exposure?
A(30 * 99) / (70 * 1)
B[30 / (30 + 70)] / [1 / (1 + 99)]
C[70 / (30 + 70)] / [99 / (1 + 99)]
D[[1 / (1 + 99)] / [30 / (30 + 70)]]
E(70 * 1) / (30 * 99)
A research group designed a study to investigate the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States. The investigators examined per capita income and rates of syphilis in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston. Data on city-wide syphilis rates was provided by each city's health agency. The investigators ultimately found that the number of new cases of syphilis was higher in low-income neighborhoods. This study is best described as which of the following?
ADouble-blind clinical trial
BProspective cohort study
CCase-control study
DCase series
EEcological study
An 18-year-old female college student is brought to the emergency department by ambulance for a headache and altered mental status. The patient lives with her boyfriend who is with her currently. He states she had not been feeling well for the past day and has vomited several times in the past 12 hours. Lumbar puncture is performed in the emergency room and demonstrates an increased cell count with a neutrophil predominance and gram-negative diplococci on Gram stain. The patient is started on vancomycin and ceftriaxone. Which of the following is the best next step in management?
ATreat boyfriend with rifampin
BAdd ampicillin to treatment regimen
CAdd ampicillin, dexamethasone, and rifampin to treatment regimen
DAdd dexamethasone to treatment regimen
ETreat boyfriend with ceftriaxone and vancomycin
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