A 42-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C is admitted to the hospital because of jaundice and abdominal distention. He is diagnosed with decompensated liver cirrhosis, and treatment with diuretics is begun. Two days after admission, he develops abdominal pain and fever. Physical examination shows tense ascites and diffuse abdominal tenderness. Paracentesis yields cloudy fluid with elevated polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte count. A drug with which of the following mechanisms is most appropriate for this patient's condition?
AFree radical creation within bacterial cell
BInhibition of bacterial 50S subunit
CInhibition of bacterial RNA polymerase
DInhibition of bacterial peptidoglycan crosslinking
EInhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase
A 47-year-old man presents to the emergency department with jaundice and extreme fatigue for the past 4 days. He also noticed that his stool is very pale and urine is dark. Past medical history is unremarkable. The review of systems is significant for a 23 kg (50 lb) weight loss over the last 3 months which he says is due to decreased appetite. He is afebrile and the vital signs are within normal limits. A contrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen reveals a mass in the pancreatic head. A blood test for carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) is positive. The patient is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and undergoes surgical decompression of the biliary tract. He is placed on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). On day 4 after admission, his intravenous access site is found to be erythematous and edematous. Which of the following microorganisms is most likely responsible for this patient’s intravenous (IV) site infection?
ACandida parapsilosis
BE. coli
CHepatitis B virus
DPseudomonas aeruginosa
EMalassezia furfur
A 50-year-old woman presents with esophageal varices, alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension, and recent onset confusion. The patient’s husband does not recall her past medical history but knows her current medications and states that she is quite disciplined about taking them. Current medications are spironolactone, labetalol, lactulose, and furosemide. Her temperature is 38.3°C (100.9°F), heart rate is 115/min, blood pressure is 105/62 mm Hg, respiratory rate is 12/min, and oxygen saturation is 96% on room air. On physical examination, the patient is disoriented, lethargic, and poorly responsive to commands. A cardiac examination is unremarkable. Lungs are clear to auscultation. The abdomen is distended, tense, and mildly tender. Mild asterixis is present. Neurologic examination is normal. The digital rectal examination reveals guaiac negative stool. Laboratory findings are significant for the following: Basic metabolic panel Unremarkable Platelet count 95,500/µL Leukocyte count 14,790/µL Hematocrit 33% (baseline is 30%) Which of the following would most likely be of diagnostic value in this patient?
ATherapeutic trial of lactulose
BAbdominal paracentesis
CNoncontrast CT of the head
DSerum ammonia level
EEsophagogastroduodenoscopy
+ 7 more in the PDF
Browse all chapters