A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department late at night by his worried mother. She says he has not been feeling well since this morning after breakfast. He skipped both lunch and dinner. He complains of abdominal pain as he points towards his lower abdomen but says that the pain initially started at the center of his belly. His mother adds that he vomited once on the way to the hospital. His past medical history is noncontributory and his vaccinations are up to date. His temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F), pulse is 98/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 110/75 mm Hg. Physical examination reveals right lower quadrant tenderness. The patient is prepared for laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Which of the following structures is most likely to aid the surgeons in finding the source of this patient's pain and fever?
AMcBurney's point
BLinea Semilunaris
CTransumbilical plane
DArcuate line
ETeniae coli
A 54-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of difficulty swallowing of both solids and liquids for 1 month. During the past 5 months, he has also had increased weakness of his hands and legs. He sails regularly and is unable to hold the ropes as tightly as before. Ten years ago, he was involved in a motor vehicle collision. Examination shows atrophy of the tongue. Muscle strength is decreased in the right upper and lower extremities. There is muscle stiffness in the left lower extremity. Deep tendon reflexes are 1+ in the right upper and lower extremities, 3+ in the left upper extremity, and 4+ in the left lower extremity. Plantar reflex shows an extensor response on the left foot. Sensation to light touch, pinprick, and vibration is intact. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
AAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis
BInclusion-body myositis
CSubacute combined degeneration of spinal cord
DSyringomyelia
ECervical spondylosis with myelopathy
A 74-year-old woman is brought by ambulance to the emergency department and presents with a complaint of excruciating chest pain that started about 45 minutes ago. The patient was sitting in the garden when she 1st noticed the pain in the upper abdomen. The pain has persisted and now localizes underneath of the sternum and the left shoulder. Milk of magnesia and aspirin were tried with no relief. The patient had previous episodes of chest pain that were of lesser intensity and rarely lasted more than 10 minutes. She is diabetic and has been managed for hypertension and rheumatoid arthritis in the past. On examination, the patient is breathless and sweating profusely. The vital signs include blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg and heart rate 118/min. The electrocardiogram (ECG) shows Q waves in leads V2 and V3 and raised ST segments in leads V2, V3, V4, and V5. Laboratory studies (including cardiac enzymes at 6 hours after admission show: Hematocrit 45% Troponin T 1.5 ng/mL Troponin I 0.28 ng/mL Creatine kinase (CK)-MB 0.25 ng/mL The patient is admitted and started on analgesia and reperfusion therapy. She shows initial signs of recovery until the 6th day of hospitalization when she starts vomiting and complaining of dizziness. Physical examination findings at this time included heart rate 110/min, temperature 37.7°C (99.9°F), blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg. Jugular venous pressure is 8 cm. A harsh pansystolic murmur is present at the left lower sternal border. ECG shows sinus tachycardia and ST-segment elevation with terminal negative T waves. Laboratory studies show: Hematocrit 38% Troponin T 1.15ng/mL Troponin I 0.18 ng/mL CK-MB 0.10 ng/mL Which of the following best explains the patient's current clinical condition?
AAortic dissection complicating myocardial infarction
BA new myocardial infarction (re-infarction)
CAcute ventricular septal rupture complicating myocardial infarction
DAcute pericarditis complicating myocardial infarction
ECardiac tamponade complicating myocardial infarction
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