A study is funded by the tobacco industry to examine the association between smoking and lung cancer. They design a study with a prospective cohort of 1,000 smokers between the ages of 20-30. The length of the study is five years. After the study period ends, they conclude that there is no relationship between smoking and lung cancer. Which of the following study features is the most likely reason for the failure of the study to note an association between tobacco use and cancer?
ALate-look bias
BLatency period
CConfounding
DEffect modification
EPygmalion effect
Which of the following study designs would be most appropriate to investigate the association between electronic cigarette use and the subsequent development of lung cancer?
ASubjects with lung cancer who smoke and subjects with lung cancer who did not smoke
BSubjects who smoke electronic cigarettes and subjects who smoke normal cigarettes
CSubjects with lung cancer who smoke and subjects without lung cancer who smoke
DSubjects with lung cancer and subjects without lung cancer
ESubjects who smoke electronic cigarettes and subjects who do not smoke
A research group wants to assess the safety and toxicity profile of a new drug. A clinical trial is conducted with 20 volunteers to estimate the maximum tolerated dose and monitor the apparent toxicity of the drug. The study design is best described as which of the following phases of a clinical trial?
APhase 0
BPhase III
CPhase V
DPhase II
EPhase I
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