You are reading through a recent article that reports significant decreases in all-cause mortality for patients with malignant melanoma following treatment with a novel biological infusion. Which of the following choices refers to the probability that a study will find a statistically significant difference when one truly does exist?
AType II error
BType I error
CConfidence interval
Dp-value
EPower
A researcher is examining the relationship between socioeconomic status and IQ scores. The IQ scores of young American adults have historically been reported to be distributed normally with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Initially, the researcher obtains a random sampling of 300 high school students from public schools nationwide and conducts IQ tests on all participants. Recently, the researcher received additional funding to enable an increase in sample size to 2,000 participants. Assuming that all other study conditions are held constant, which of the following is most likely to occur as a result of this additional funding?
AIncrease in risk of systematic error
BIncrease in range of the confidence interval
CDecrease in standard deviation
DIncrease in probability of type II error
EDecrease in standard error of the mean
A study is being conducted on depression using the Patient Health questionnaire (PHQ-9) survey data embedded within a popular social media network with a response size of 500,000 participants. The sample population of this study is approximately normal. The mean PHQ-9 score is 14, and the standard deviation is 4. How many participants have scores greater than 22?
A175,000
B17,500
C160,000
D12,500
E25,000
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