You have been asked to quantify the relative risk of developing bacterial meningitis following exposure to a patient with active disease. You analyze 200 patients in total, half of which are controls. In the trial arm, 30% of exposed patients ultimately contracted bacterial meningitis. In the unexposed group, only 1% contracted the disease. Which of the following is the relative risk due to disease exposure?
A(30 * 99) / (70 * 1)
B[30 / (30 + 70)] / [1 / (1 + 99)]
C[70 / (30 + 70)] / [99 / (1 + 99)]
D[[1 / (1 + 99)] / [30 / (30 + 70)]]
E(70 * 1) / (30 * 99)
A research group wants to assess the safety and toxicity profile of a new drug. A clinical trial is conducted with 20 volunteers to estimate the maximum tolerated dose and monitor the apparent toxicity of the drug. The study design is best described as which of the following phases of a clinical trial?
APhase 0
BPhase III
CPhase V
DPhase II
EPhase I
In 2006, three researchers from North Carolina wanted to examine the benefits of treating the risk of suicidality in children and adolescents by looking at randomized, multicenter, controlled trials of sertraline usage compared to placebo. Their analysis found clinically significant benefits of the drug and a positive benefit-to-risk ratio for sertraline in adolescents with major depressive disorder. They also found that 64 depressed children and adolescents need to receive the drug for 1 extra patient to experience suicidality as an adverse outcome. In other words, if 64 treated individuals received sertraline, some would experience suicidality due to their illness, some would not experience suicidality, and 1 individual would become suicidal due to the unique contribution of sertraline. Which of the following statements is true for this measure (defined as the inverse of the attributable risk), which aims to describe adverse outcomes this way?
AHigher measures indicate greater risk.
BInput values must be probabilities of the events of interest.
CMultiple risks can be contained and described within one result.
DThe final metric represents proportions in percentage terms.
EThe measure can include multiple events at one time.
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