A researcher is conducting a study to compare fracture risk in male patients above the age of 65 who received annual DEXA screening to peers who did not receive screening. He conducts a randomized controlled trial in 900 patients, with half of participants assigned to each experimental group. The researcher ultimately finds similar rates of fractures in the two groups. He then notices that he had forgotten to include 400 patients in his analysis. Including the additional participants in his analysis would most likely affect the study's results in which of the following ways?
AWider confidence intervals of results
BIncreased probability of committing a type II error
CDecreased significance level of results
DIncreased external validity of results
EIncreased probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is truly false
An otherwise healthy 67-year-old woman comes to your clinic after being admitted to the hospital for 2 weeks after breaking her hip. She has not regularly seen a physician for the past several years because she has been working hard at her long-time job as a schoolteacher. You wonder if she has not been taking adequate preventative measures to prevent osteoporosis and order the appropriate labs. Although she is recovering from surgery well, she is visibly upset because she is worried that her hospital bill will bankrupt her. Which of the following best describes her Medicare coverage?
AMedicare Part C will cover the majority of drug costs during her inpatient treatment.
BMedicare Part A will cover the majority of her hospital fees, including inpatient drugs and lab tests.
CMedicare is unlikely to cover the cost of her admission because she has not been paying her premium.
DMedicare Part B will cover the majority of her hospital fees, including inpatient drugs and lab tests.
EMedicare Part D will cover the cost of drugs during her inpatient treatment.
You are reading through a recent article that reports significant decreases in all-cause mortality for patients with malignant melanoma following treatment with a novel biological infusion. Which of the following choices refers to the probability that a study will find a statistically significant difference when one truly does exist?
AType II error
BType I error
CConfidence interval
Dp-value
EPower
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