A 34-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 2-hour history of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting that began an hour after she finished lunch. Examination shows abdominal guarding and rigidity; bowel sounds are reduced. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography shows the dorsal pancreatic duct draining into the minor papilla and a separate smaller duct draining into the major papilla. The spleen is located anterior to the left kidney. A disruption of which of the following embryological processes is the most likely cause of this patient's imaging findings?
AProliferation of mesenchyme in the dorsal mesentery
BDifferentiation of the proximal hepatic diverticulum
CFusion of the pancreatic buds
DRotation of the midgut
ERotation of the dorsal mesogastrium
During a surgical procedure to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm, the surgeon must be careful to avoid injury to which of the following arterial structures that originates near the level of the renal vessels?
ALeft renal artery
BCeliac trunk
CRight renal artery
DSuperior mesenteric artery
A 2-year-old girl with a history of SS-hemoglobin is brought to her pediatrician by her mother, who noted an abdominal mass. On exam, the girl's spleen is palpably enlarged, and her palms and conjunctiva are noted to be extremely pale. Serum haptoglobin levels are decreased. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?
AIntravascular hemolysis
BExtravascular hemolysis
CHemolytic uremic syndrome
DComplement-mediated hemolysis
EDecreased red blood cell production
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