A patient demonstrates decreased gastric acid secretion after vagotomy. Which cell type is directly affected by vagal denervation?
AParietal cells
BECL cells
CChief cells
DG cells
A scientist is studying the mechanism by which the gastrointestinal system coordinates the process of food digestion. Specifically, she is interested in how distension of the lower esophagus by a bolus of food changes responses in the downstream segments of the digestive system. She observes that there is a resulting relaxation and opening of the lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter after the introduction of a food bolus. She also observes a simultaneous relaxation of the orad stomach during this time. Which of the following substances is most likely involved in the process being observed here?
ANeuropeptide-Y
BSecretin
CGhrelin
DVasoactive intestinal polypeptide
EMotilin
A 66-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. The patient was a restrained passenger in a car that was struck on the passenger side while crossing an intersection. In the emergency department, he is alert and complaining of abdominal pain. He has a history of hyperlipidemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic kidney disease, and perforated appendicitis for which he received an interval appendectomy four years ago. His home medications include rosuvastatin and lansoprazole. His temperature is 99.2°F (37.3°C), blood pressure is 120/87 mmHg, pulse is 96/min, and respirations are 20/min. He has full breath sounds bilaterally. He is tender to palpation over the left 9th rib and the epigastrium. He is moving all four extremities. His FAST exam reveals fluid in Morrison's pouch. This patient is most likely to have which of the following additional signs or symptoms?
APain radiating to the back
BGross hematuria
CMuffled heart sounds
DFree air on chest radiograph
EShoulder pain
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