A 31-year-old obese Caucasian female presents to the Emergency Department late in the evening for left lower quadrant pain that has progressively worsened over the last several hours. She describes the pain as sharp and shooting, coming and going. Her last bowel movement was this morning. She has also had dysuria and urgency. Her surgical history is notable for gastric bypass surgery 2 years prior and an appendectomy at age 9. She is sexually active with her boyfriend and uses condoms. Her temperature is 99.5 deg F (37.5 deg C), blood pressure is 151/83 mmHg, pulse is 86/min, respirations are 14/minute, BMI 32. On physical exam, she has left lower quadrant tenderness to palpation with pain radiating to the left groin and left flank tenderness on palpation. Her urinalysis shows 324 red blood cells/high power field. Her pregnancy test is negative. What is the next best step in management?
AA KUB (kidneys, ureters and bladder) plain film
BNoncontrast CT scan
CExploratory laparoscopy
DTransvaginal ultrasound
EIntravenous pyelogram
A 75-year-old man presents to the physician because of bloody urine, which has occurred several times over the past month. He has no dysuria or flank pain. He has no history of serious illness, and he currently takes no medications. He is a 40-pack-year smoker. The vital signs are within normal limits. Physical exam shows no abnormalities except generalized lung wheezing. The laboratory test results are as follows: Urine: Blood 3+ RBC > 100/hpf WBC 1–2/hpf RBC casts negative Bacteria not seen Cystoscopy reveals a solitary tumor in the bladder. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor is performed. The tumor is 4 cm. Histologic evaluation shows invasion of the immediate epithelium of cells by a high-grade urothelial carcinoma without invasion of the underlying tissue or muscularis propria. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
ANo further treatment is needed at this time
BSystemic combination chemotherapy
CIntravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
DBladder radiation
EBladder-sparing partial cystectomy
A 40-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He feels well. He has no urinary urgency, increased frequency, dysuria, or gross hematuria. He has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. His last urinary tract infection was 3 months ago and was treated with ciprofloxacin. Current medications include a multivitamin. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 18 years. Vital signs are within normal limits. The abdomen is soft and nontender. There is no costovertebral angle tenderness. Laboratory studies show: Hemoglobin 11.2 g/dL Leukocyte count 9,500/mm3 Platelet count 170,000/mm3 Serum Na+ 135 mEq/L K+ 4.9 mEq/L Cl- 101 mEq/L Urea nitrogen 18 mg/dL Creatinine 0.6 mg/dL Urine Blood 2+ Protein negative RBC 5–7/hpf, normal shape and size RBC casts negative WBC 0–2/hpf Bacteria negative Urine cultures are negative. Urine analysis is repeated and shows similar results. A cystoscopy shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
AAnnual urinalysis
BReassurance
CCT urography
DVoided urine cytology
ETransrectal ultrasound
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