A 6-week-old boy is brought for routine examination at his pediatrician’s office. The patient was born at 39 weeks to a 26-year-old G1P1 mother by normal vaginal delivery. External cephalic version was performed successfully at 37 weeks for breech presentation. Pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes that was well-controlled with insulin. The patient’s maternal grandmother has early onset osteoporosis. On physical examination, the left hip dislocates posteriorly with adduction and depression of a flexed femur. An ultrasound is obtained that reveals left acetabular dysplasia and a dislocated left femur. Which of the following is the next best step in management?
APavlik harness
BClosed reduction and spica casting
CObservation
DPhysiotherapy
EOpen reduction and femoral osteotomy
A 17-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of progressive right knee pain for the past 3 months. He reports that the pain is worse at night and while doing sports at school. He has not had any trauma to the knee or any previous problems with his joints. His vital signs are within normal limits. Examination of the right knee shows mild swelling and tenderness without warmth or erythema; the range of motion is limited. He walks with an antalgic gait. Laboratory studies show an alkaline phosphatase of 180 U/L and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 80 mm/h. An x-ray of the right knee is shown. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
AChordoma
BChondrosarcoma
COsteosarcoma
DOsteochondroma
EEwing sarcoma
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of right hip pain that started that afternoon. His mother reports that he has also been limping since the pain developed. He says that the pain worsens when he moves or walks. He participated in a dance recital yesterday, but his mother believes that he was not injured at the time. He was born at term and has been healthy except for an episode of nasal congestion and mild cough 10 days ago. His mother has rheumatoid arthritis and his grandmother has osteoporosis. He is at the 50th percentile for height and 50th percentile for weight. His temperature is 37.5°C (99.6°F), pulse is 105/min, respirations are 16/min, and blood pressure is 90/78 mm Hg. His right hip is slightly abducted and externally rotated. Examination shows no tenderness, warmth, or erythema. He is able to bear weight. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show a hemoglobin concentration of 12.3 g/dL, a leukocyte count of 8,500/mm3, and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 12 mm/h. Ultrasound of the right hip shows increased fluid within the joint. X-ray of the hips shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
ATransient synovitis
BOsteomyelitis
CSlipped capital femoral epiphysis
DDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip
ELegg-Calve-Perthes disease
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