A 34-year-old patient presents with severe pain in the right upper quadrant that radiates to the right shoulder. During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which of the following anatomical spaces must be carefully identified to prevent bile duct injury?
AForamen of Winslow
BLesser sac
CCalot's triangle
DMorrison's pouch
The surgical equipment used during a craniectomy is sterilized using pressurized steam at 121°C for 15 minutes. Reuse of these instruments can cause transmission of which of the following pathogens?
ANon-enveloped viruses
BSporulating bacteria
CPrions
DEnveloped viruses
EYeasts
A 35-year-old woman seeks evaluation at a clinic with a complaint of right upper abdominal pain for greater than 1 month. She says that the sensation is more of discomfort than pain. She denies any history of weight loss, changes in bowel habit, or nausea. Her medical history is unremarkable. She takes oral contraceptive pills and multivitamins every day. Her physical examination reveals a palpable liver mass that is 2 cm in diameter just below the right costal margin in the midclavicular line. An abdominal CT scan reveals 2 hypervascular lesions in the right hepatic lobe. The serum α-fetoprotein level is within normal limits. What is the next best step in the management of this patient’s condition?
ARadiofrequency ablation (RFA)
BCT-guided biopsy
CObservation
DReferral for surgical excision
EDiscontinue oral contraceptives
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