A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother after cutting his buttock on a piece of broken glass. There is a 5-cm curvilinear laceration over the patient's right buttock. His vital signs are unremarkable. The decision to repair the laceration is made. Which of the following will offer the longest anesthesia for the laceration repair?
ALidocaine
BLidocaine mixed with bupivacaine
CBupivacaine with epinephrine
DLidocaine with epinephrine
EBupivacaine
A 34-year-old man presents to the outpatient clinic with a complaint of right-sided jaw pain. The onset of pain was approx. 1 month ago and he is experiencing symptoms 2–3 times a day. Each episode of pain lasts for about 30 seconds. He describes the pain as severe (9 out of 10) with an electric and sharp quality. He denies having tear production or conjunctival injection on the affected side during attacks. What is the mechanism of action for the drug that will best treat this patient’s condition?
AIncrease the time of Cl- channel opening
BPrevention of Na+ influx
CDecrease the excitatory effects of glutamic acid
DDecrease in the Ca2+ influx
EIncrease the frequency of Cl- channel opening
A 47-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis is brought to the emergency department by ambulance 20 minutes after being involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision. His pulse is 120/min, respirations are 28/min and labored, and blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg. Physical examination shows ecchymoses over the trunk and abdomen. In preparation for an exploratory laparotomy, atracurium is administered as an anesthetic. Which of the following characteristics is the most likely reason that this drug was chosen over other drugs in the same class?
AQuickest onset of action
BHighest potency
CProlonged depolarization
DOrgan-independent elimination
ELow risk of bleeding
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