A 20-year-old college student presents to the emergency room complaining of insomnia for the past 48 hours. He explains that although his body feels tired, he is "full of energy and focus" after taking a certain drug an hour ago. He now wants to sleep because he is having hallucinations. His vital signs are T 100.0 F, HR 110 bpm, and BP of 150/120 mmHg. The patient states that he was recently diagnosed with "inattentiveness." Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the most likely drug causing the intoxication?
ABlocks NMDA receptors
BActivates mu opioid receptors
CDisplaces norepinephrine from secretory vesicles leading to norepinephrine depletion
DBinds to cannabinoid receptors
EIncreases presynaptic dopamine and norepinephrine release from vesicles
A 44-year-old man presents to the clinic worried about his risk for bladder cancer. His best friend who worked with him as a painter for the past 20-years died recently after being diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma. He is worried that their long and heavy cigarette smoking history might have contributed to his death. He also reports that he has been feeling down since his friend's death 2 months ago and has not been eating or sleeping as usual. He took time off from work but now is running past due on some of his bills. He feels like he is moving a lot slower than usual. He would like to stop smoking but feels like it's impossible with just his willpower. What side-effect is most likely if this patient were started on his appropriate pharmacotherapy?
ACan decrease seizure threshold
BCan treat overdose with sodium bicarbonate
CCan cause restlessness at initiation or termination
DCan cause sedation and weight gain
ECan worsen uncontrolled hypertension
A 49-year-old woman presents to the clinic for a routine exam. She recently quit smoking after a 30 pack-year history and started exercising a little. Past medical history is noncontributory. She takes no medication. Her mother died at 65 from lung cancer. She rarely drinks alcohol and only uses nicotine gum as needed. She admits to having some cravings for a cigarette in the morning before work, and after work. Which of the following best describes this patient’s stage in overcoming her nicotine addiction?
ARelapse
BContemplation
CMaintenance
DPrecontemplation
EAction
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