An otherwise healthy 55-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 7-month history of insomnia. She has difficulty initiating sleep, and her sleep onset latency is normally about 1 hour. She takes melatonin most nights. The physician gives the following recommendations: leave the bedroom when unable to fall asleep within 20 minutes to read or listen to music; return only when sleepy; avoid daytime napping. These recommendations are best classified as which of the following?
ACognitive behavioral therapy
BRelaxation
CImproved sleep hygiene
DStimulus control therapy
ESleep restriction
A 32-year-old woman presents to the clinic with the complaint of excessive fatigue for the past few weeks. After returning home from the office, she feels too tired to climb up the stairs, comb her hair, or chew her food. She has occasionally experienced double vision. She denies any history of fever, cough, weight loss, night sweats, or snoring. Past history is unremarkable. Physical examination reveals: blood pressure 124/86 mm Hg, heart rate 85/min, respiratory rate 14/min, temperature 37.0°C (98.6°F), and body mass index (BMI) 22.6 kg/m2. On examination, the right upper eyelid is slightly drooping when compared to the left side. Her eye movements are normal. Flexion of the neck is mildly weak. Muscle strength is 5/5 in all 4 limbs. When she is asked to alternately flex and extend her shoulder continuously for 5 minutes, the power in the proximal upper limb muscles becomes 4/5. The muscle tone and deep tendon reflexes are normal. What is the most appropriate test to diagnose this condition?
ACT scan chest
BPlasmapheresis
CTensilon test
DSingle-fiber electromyography
EPresynaptic calcium channel antibodies
A 43-year-old man presents to a primary care clinic complaining of several months of fatigue and difficulty concentrating at work. He is tired throughout the day and often falls asleep briefly at work. He sleeps for 9 hours per night, falling asleep easily, waking up several times in the middle of the night, and then having trouble waking up in the morning. Physical exam is notable for obesity and a large neck circumference. His temperature is 98°F (36.7°C), blood pressure is 150/90 mmHg, pulse is 75/min, respirations are 22/min, and BMI is 33 kg/m^2. The rest of the physical exam is normal. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his fatigue?
AObstructive sleep apnea
BChronic fatigue syndrome
CNarcolepsy
DCircadian rhythm sleep wake disorder
EHypothyroidism
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