A 72-year-old man is brought to your office by his daughter due to concern over recent behavioral changes. Over the last several months he has had increasing difficulty with remembering recent events. She mentions that he is embarrassed due to a new inability to control urination. His medical history is significant for hypertension and insomnia. His medications include alprazolam and hydrochlorothiazide. On physical exam, he is oriented to time and place and thinks his daughter is exaggerating; however, when asked to recall 3 items, the patient refuses to continue the mental status exam. He has 5/5 strength bilaterally. He walks in short strides by sliding his feet across the floor. Which of the following would you expect to see in this patient?
ADepigmentation of the substantia nigra pars compacta
BConvex hemorrhage that does not cross suture lines
CAtrophy of the caudate and putamen
DDistortion of corona radiata fibers
EAtrophy of the subthalamic nucleus
A 37-year-old woman presents to the general medical clinic with a chief complaint of anxiety. She has been having severe anxiety and fatigue for the past seven months. She has difficulty concentrating and her work has suffered, and she has also developed diarrhea from the stress. She doesn't understand why she feels so anxious and is unable to attribute it to any specific aspect of her life right now. You decide to begin pharmacotherapy. All of the following are suitable mechanisms of drugs that can treat this illness EXCEPT:
AA drug that stimulates 5-HT1A receptors
BA drug that blocks dopamine 2 receptors
CA drug that acts as a GABA agonist
DA drug that blocks 5-HT reuptake
EA drug that blocks both serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
A patient with a pituitary tumor demonstrates elevated prolactin levels. Which of the following changes in dopamine signaling best explains the hyperprolactinemia?
AIncreased D1 receptor activation
BEnhanced dopamine reuptake
CIncreased dopamine synthesis
DDecreased tuberoinfundibular dopamine release
EIncreased D2 receptor activation
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