A 70-year-old man with a history of Alzheimer dementia presents to the emergency department with a change in his behavior. The patient has been more confused recently and had a fever. Upon presentation, he is too confused to answer questions. His temperature is 103°F (39.4°C), blood pressure is 102/68 mmHg, pulse is 157/min, respirations are 22/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. The patient is given 3 liters of IV fluids and acetaminophen and his vitals improve. He is also less confused. The patient is asking where he is and becomes combative and strikes a nurse when he finds out he has to be admitted to the hospital. He is given diphenhydramine for sedation and put in soft restraints. His mental status subsequently worsens and he becomes much more aggressive, spitting at nurses and attempting to bite his restraints. He also complains of abdominal pain. A post void residual volume is notable for a urine volume of 750 mL. Which of the following is the etiology of this patient's recent mental status change?
ADiphenhydramine
BLorazepam
CHaloperidol
DAcute infection
EOlanzapine
A 53-year-old woman presented to her PCP with one week of difficulty falling asleep, despite having good sleep hygiene. She denies changes in her mood, weight loss, and anhedonia. She has had difficulty concentrating and feels tired throughout the day. Recently, she was fired from her previous job. What medication would be most helpful for this patient?
ACitalopram
BDiphenhydramine
CQuetiapine
DDiazepam
EZolpidem
An investigator conducts a case-control study to evaluate the relationship between benzodiazepine use among the elderly population (older than 65 years of age) that resides in assisted-living facilities and the risk of developing Alzheimer dementia. Three hundred patients with Alzheimer dementia are recruited from assisted-living facilities throughout the New York City metropolitan area, and their rates of benzodiazepine use are compared to 300 controls. Which of the following describes a patient who would be appropriate for the study's control group?
AA 73-year-old woman with coronary artery disease who was recently discharged to an assisted-living facility from the hospital after a middle cerebral artery stroke
BAn 86-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension and mild benign prostate hyperplasia who lives in an assisted-living facility
CA 64-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension and mild benign prostate hyperplasia who lives in an assisted-living facility
DAn 80-year-old man with well-controlled hypertension and mild benign prostate hyperplasia who lives in an independent-living community
EA 68-year-old man with hypercholesterolemia, mild benign prostate hyperplasia, and poorly-controlled diabetes who is hospitalized for pneumonia
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