A 15-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his father 10 minutes after falling into a frozen lake during ice fishing. He was in the water for less than 1 minute before his father managed to pull him out. On arrival, his clothes are still wet and he appears scared. His body temperature is 36.2°C (97.1°F), pulse is 102/min, blood pressure is 133/88 mm Hg. Which of the following mechanisms contributes most to maintaining this patient's core body temperature?
AInhibition of the thyroid axis
BInvoluntary muscular contractions
CActivation of thermogenin
DIncrease in hypothalamic set point
EContraction of arrector pili muscles
Two-hours into recovery from general anesthesia for an orthopedic fracture, a 34-year-old woman develops fever and masseter muscle rigidity with lockjaw. She has no history of a similar episode. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. She appears confused. In the recovery room, her blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, the pulse is 128/min, the respirations are 42/min, and the temperature is 40.3°C (104.5°F). Cardiopulmonary examination shows no abnormalities. Laboratory studies show: Serum Na+ 145 mEq/L K+ 6.5 mEq/L Arterial blood gas on room air pH 7.01 PCO2 78 mm Hg HCO3− 14 mEq/L PO2 55 mm Hg The patient is reintubated. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in pharmacotherapy?
ALorazepam
BDiphenhydramine
CDantrolene
DLabetalol
ECyproheptadine
A group of investigators is studying thermoregulatory adaptations of the human body. A subject is seated in a thermally insulated isolation chamber with an internal temperature of 48°C (118°F), a pressure of 1 atmosphere, and a relative humidity of 10%. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of heat loss in this subject?
AConvection
BEvaporation
CConduction
DPiloerection
ERadiation
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