A 13-year-old boy with a history of asthma and seasonal allergies is currently using albuterol to manage his asthma symptoms. Recently, his use of albuterol increased from 1–2 days/week to 4 times/week over the past several weeks, though he does not experience his symptoms daily. The vital signs include: temperature 36.7°C (98.0°F), blood pressure 126/74 mm Hg, heart rate 74/min, and respiratory rate 14/min. His physical examination shows clear, bilateral breath sounds and normal heart sounds. What change should be made to his current treatment regimen?
AAdd tiotropium
BAdd formoterol + budesonide twice daily
CAdd montelukast 5 mg daily
DAdd fluticasone daily
EAdd salmeterol twice daily
A 24-year-old male with cystic fibrosis is brought to the emergency room by his mother after he had difficulty breathing. He previously received a lung transplant 6 months ago and was able to recover quickly from the operation. He is compliant with all of his medications and had been doing well with no major complaints until 2 weeks ago when he began to experience shortness of breath. Exam reveals a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio and biopsy reveals lymphocytic infiltration. Which of the following components is present in the airway zone characteristically affected by the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?
APseudostratified columnar cells
BGoblet cells
CSimple cuboidal cells
DStratified cuboidal cells
ECartilage
A 26-year-old woman comes to the emergency room because she had difficulty breathing during an exercise session. She also has a cough and end-expiratory wheezing. Besides these symptoms, she has a normal physical appearance. She has experienced similar breathing problems during exercise in the past, but never during rest. She is afebrile. What is the best treatment in this case?
ASystemic corticosteroids
BNo therapy, only avoidance of exercise
CShort acting β2-agonists
DAminophylline
ELong acting β2-agonists
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